Common sports injuries include: Sprains: A sudden twist or fall can put too much stress on your joint, causing the ligaments to overextend or tear. Muscle Strains: running, jumping, throwing, slips, and lifting heavy objects can all lead your muscle or tendon to stretch either suddenly or too much.
Fractures Broken Bones : a collision in contact sports or landing wrong from a fall can lead to an acute fracture. Repetitive impact such as running or jumping can also cause stress fractures.
Shin Splints: improper shoes, high intensity workouts, or exercising without stretching can lead to aching shins due to too much stress on the shin bone and its connective tissues. Dislocations: force from a hit or fall can push the bones in a joint out of alignment. Finger, hand, and shoulder dislocations are the most common bones affected. Causes of bone fractures Causes of bone fractures can include: Traumatic incidents such as sporting injuries, vehicle accidents and falls Conditions such as osteoporosis and some types of cancer that cause bones to fracture more easily, meaning even minor trauma and falls can become serious.
Symptoms of bone fractures Fractures are different from other injuries to the skeleton such as dislocations, although in some cases it can be hard to tell them apart. The symptoms of a fracture depend on the particular bone and the severity of the injury, but may include: Pain Swelling Bruising Deformity Inability to use the limb.
Types of bone fracture Different types of fracture include: Closed simple fracture — the broken bone has not pierced the skin Open compound fracture — the broken bone juts out through the skin, or a wound leads to the fracture site. Infection and external bleeding are more likely Greenstick fracture — a small, slender crack in the bone. There may be damage to the veins, arteries or nerves, and there may also be injury to the lining of the bone the periosteum Comminuted fracture — the bone is shattered into small pieces.
This type of complicated fracture tends to heal more slowly Avulsion fracture — muscles are anchored to bone with tendons, a type of connective tissue. Powerful muscle contractions can wrench the tendon free and pull out pieces of bone. This type of fracture is more common in the knee and shoulder joints Compression fracture — occurs when two bones are forced against each other.
The bones of the spine, called vertebrae, can have this type of fracture. Older people, particularly those with osteoporosis, are at higher risk. Complications of bone fractures Other problems caused by bone fracture can include: Blood loss — bones have a rich blood supply.
A bad break can make you lose a large amount of blood Injuries to organs, tissues or surrounding structures — for example the brain can be damaged by a skull fracture.
First aid for bone fractures Good first-aid care of fractures is always important. If you suspect a bone fracture, you should: Keep the person still — do not move them unless there is an immediate danger, especially if you suspect fracture of the skull, spine, ribs, pelvis or upper leg Attend to any bleeding wounds first. Stop the bleeding by pressing firmly on the site with a clean dressing.
If a bone is protruding, apply pressure around the edges of the wound If bleeding is controlled, keep the wound covered with a clean dressing Never try to straighten broken bones For a limb fracture, provide support and comfort such as a pillow under the lower leg or forearm.
However, do not cause further pain or unnecessary movement of the broken bone Apply a splint to support the limb. Splints do not have to be professionally manufactured. Items like wooden boards and folded magazines can work for some fractures.
You should immobilise the limb above and below the fracture Use a sling to support an arm or collarbone fracture Raise the fractured area if possible and apply a cold pack to reduce swelling and pain Stop the person from eating or drinking anything until they are seen by a doctor, in case they will need surgery In an emergency, call triple zero for an ambulance. Diagnosis and treatment of bone fractures Doctors can diagnose bone fractures with x-rays.
Depending on where the fracture is and how severe, treatment may include: Splints — to stop movement of the broken limb Braces — to support the bone Plaster cast — to provide support and immobilise the bone Traction — a less common option Surgically inserted metal rods or plates — to hold the bone pieces together Pain relief. Operation procedure for bone fractures A cast made from plaster of Paris is one of the most common ways of immobilising a limb.
Depending on the location and severity of the fracture, the operation procedures can include: Closed or simple fractures — the two ends of the broken bone are lined up and held in place. The limb is thoroughly bandaged, then the wet plaster is applied. Sometimes, once the plaster is dry, the cast is split into two and the two halves are re-bandaged on the outside.
This allows for any swelling that may occur Open or compound fractures — these are thoroughly cleaned in the operating room to remove debris before being set, because a broken bone exposed to the open air may become infected Long bones — long bones such as the bone of the thigh femur are difficult to keep aligned. In adults these are often treated by internal nailing. A child may need traction for a couple of days before setting the bone in a cast. Once the two ends of bone start to show signs of healing, the leg and hip joint are immobilised in plaster of Paris.
This is done under a general anaesthetic. Tendons connect muscle to bone. Strains are not caused by a blow or fall, but by a muscle or tendon stretching or contracting more than normal. Knee injuries also are common. They can range from mild to severe, and the pain can be at the front, inside, or outside of the knee. Normal wear and tear over time can cause degeneration of the cartilage in the knee.
Avoid doing too much, too soon. Never increase the length of your workouts by more than 10 percent from one week to the next, and never increase both the length and intensity of your workout at the same time. As we grow older, we often begin to think about particular health concerns like osteoporosis or arthritis.
But maintaining a healthy skeletal system requires a set plan of action that starts as early as possible to prevent various orthopedic injuries. Bone loss takes place when the body absorbs too much calcium and phosphate from your bones. To prevent this from happening, consider the following tips that highlight how you can maintain your bone density. Maintaining healthy bones is not only imperative for preventing orthopedic injuries, it is also critical for recovering.
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