People think of mushrooms as a type of plant. Mushrooms in fact belong to a separate group of organisms all together called fungi. Other types of fungi are toadstools, puffballs, truffles, yeast, bread mold and skin infections such as tinea.
Fungi is mushrooms and are mouldy, protista will have green chlorophyll if you look under a microscope. A mushroom is part of the major fungi group of Club Fungi, which includes about 25, species of Mushrooms, bracket fungi, plant parasites, and puffballs. There is a difference in size and colour They are also different types of fungi The key difference between mushrooms and fungus is that the mushrooms are fruiting bodies of certain fungi belonging to the order Agaricales of phylum Basidiomycota while the fungus is any member of eukaryotic microorganisms such as yeast, moulds, mildews, mushrooms, etc.
Kingdom Fungi is one of the five kingdoms of living organisms. Some members the club fungi family are common mushrooms, shelf fungi, smut fungi, and puffballs.
Club fungi belong to the division called Basidiomycota that consists of many species. Its name the club fungi is related to its club-like reproductive structure known as the basidium. Mushrooms, puffballs, and shelf fungi are all members of this group, as are the plant rusts and smuts.
This group, which contains approximately 15, known species, is distinguished by the presence of a club- shaped reproductive organ called the basidium.
In the temperate rainforest there are cup fungi, shelf fungi, puffballs, and pore fungi. Yes, that's what mushrooms are fungi. Log in. Mycology or Fungi. Study now. See Answer. Best Answer.
Study guides. Biology 20 cards. Where are asexual spores formed. What is the purpose of the bee dance. What is produced by sebaceous glands. Imprinting and specific bird songs are examples of what kind of behavior. Mycology or Fungi 20 cards. The basidia is itself formed by plasmogamy between mycelia from two different spores.
Plasmogamy results in binucleate hyphae, that is, hyphae with two types of nuclei, one from each parent. In the gills of the fruiting body, some cells undergo fusion of these two nuclei.
These now diploid cells are the basidia. The diploid phase is very brief. Soon after fusion, meiosis takes place, resulting in four haploid nuclei. The nuclei then migrate to the terminus of the basidium and form four individual projections. These projections are then separated by cell walls to become spores. SparkTeach Teacher's Handbook.
Summary Basidiomycota: The Club Fungi. Reproduction Like all fungi, Basidiomycota can undergo both asexual and sexual reproduction. Asexual Reproduction Basidiomycota reproduce asexually by either budding or asexual spore formation. Previous section Introduction Next section Problems. Many other common botanical terms are used to describe analogous structures in fungi.
These superficial similarities may be the result of convergent evolution between fungi and algae. There are over , known species of fungi, but the differences between species are not always readily apparent. Subtle differences in biochemistry set many fungal species apart.
Fungi are heterotrophic , and many fungi are parasitic. Fungi and other organisms that feed on dead or decaying matter are called detritivores. Many species of fungi are predators , catching their prey with tiny lassos or miniature missiles or toxic chemicals. Fungi also participate in two important symbiotic relationships.
Fungi can form lichens , an association of a fungus with a green algae or a cyanobacteria. Lichens are usually presented as a classic example of mutualism , where each partner benefits from the relationship, but some authorities believe that this relationship might be a form of controlled parasitism. Certain fungi are also symbiotic with the roots or gametophyte stages of many types of plants. These mycorrhizae can grow inside roots endomycorrhizae , or on the outside of roots ectomycorrhizae.
Fungal hyphae only form a complete cross wall at the very tip of a hyphae undergoing sexual reproduction.
This lack of cross walls may be the secret behind the evolutionary success of this widespread group of organisms. Fungi can move materials like nutrients and proteins back and forth very quickly by cytoplasmic streaming.
Fungal digestion is extracellular, with the hyphae secreting powerful enzymes to digest the host tissue, then absorbing the breakdown products through their cell walls.
Organisms that feed in such a fashion are called saprobes. Fungi reproduce by conjugation , a fusion of nuclei analogous to conjugation in bacteria and certain types of algae.
These projections, called gametangia , meet and fuse together. The intervening cell walls break down, so that nuclei from each strand can then fuse directly into a diploid zygote. This zygote, the only diploid stage in the life cycle of fungi, undergoes meiosis to form four haploid spores , contained in a small sporangia.
A spore is a cell that can develop directly into a complete adult haploid organism. Like most spores, fungal spores are enclosed a special protective wrapper that guards against mechanical or chemical damage. The fusion of nuclei in conjugation is delayed in both ascomycetes and basidiomycetes.
The two nuclei continue to lie side by side, reproducing separately by mitosis, until each cellular compartment in the hyphal strand may contain two nuclei. The hyphae of these fungi are called dikaryotic , to distinguish them from monokaryotic hyphae. Fungi can also reproduce asexually, usually by forming groups of long hyphae called conidiophores , which resemble a tiny brush. The tips of these conidiophores fragment into hundreds of tiny haploid spores called conidia.
Ascomycetes reproduce by forming a mushroom-like fruiting body called an ascocarp. Conjugation, with delayed fusion of nuclei, produces dikaryotic hyphal strands. The tips of these strands form cross walls to isolate a tiny sac or ascus.
Ascomycetes are often referred to as sac fungi. The two nuclei in the ascus fuse together into a diploid nucleus, which then undergo meiosis to form four haploid ascospores , which then divide again by mitosis to form eight haploid ascospores.
Asexual reproduction is accomplished by conidia bearing conidiospores. Basidiomycetes produce fruiting bodies called basidiocarps. Club-shaped structures called basidia hang from the underside of the mushroom, lining thin flaps of tissue called gills. Within these basidia, nuclear fusion occurs, followed by meiosis to produce four basidiospores. Because of the shape of the basidium, basidiomycetes are sometimes called club fungi.
By focusing on sexual reproduction in classifying fungi, we fell into a taxonomic trap. Many species of fungi have never been observed to undergo sexual reproduction. We lump these species together in the artificial taxon Deuteromycota, the imperfect fungi or fungi imperfecti. Most of these fungi imperfecti are probably ascomycetes. All members of this group form characteristic sexual structures called zygospores.
The zygote divides by meiosis to form haploid spores. Asexual reproduction in zygomycetes, like Rhizopus , produces a growth pattern resembling that of the strawberry. Long hyphae called stolons run along the surface of their food, periodically sinking down root-like projections called rhizoids.
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