The development method for each individual monitoring well should be selected from among the several methods described in this guide and should be employed by the well construction contractor or the qualified personnel in responsible charge of the monitoring well completion. Proper and careful well development will improve the ability of most monitoring wells to provide representative, unbiased chemical and hydraulic data.
The additional time and money spent performing this important step in monitoring well completion or maintenance will reduce the potential for damaging pumping equipment and in situ sensors, and increase the probability that groundwater samples are representative of the targeted formation water monitored. Practice D provides evaluation factors for the activities in this guide. Note 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used.
Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors. Practice D provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. Other well-development methods that are used exclusively in open-borehole bedrock wells are not described in this guide.
Bacteria - for example, Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, E. Potential health effects from ingestion of water contaminated with bacteria are: Gastrointestinal illness for example, diarrhea, vomiting, cramps. Sources of bacteria in drinking water are: Human and animal fecal waste.
Methods that may remove some or all of bacteria from drinking water are: Boiling Rolling boil for 1 minute has a very high effectiveness in killing bacteria; Filtration has a moderate effectiveness in removing bacteria when using an absolute less than or equal to 0.
Viruses - for example, enterovirus, hepatitis A, norovirus, rotavirus. Potential health effects from ingestion of water contaminated with viruses are: Gastrointestinal illness for example, diarrhea, vomiting, cramps , hepatitis, meningitis. Sources of viruses in drinking water are: Human and animal fecal waste. Methods that may remove some or all of viruses from drinking water are: Boiling Rolling boil for 1 minute minimum has a very high effectiveness in killing viruses; Filtration is not effective in removing viruses; Disinfection with iodine or chlorine has a high effectiveness in killing viruses; Disinfection with chlorine dioxide has a high effectiveness in killing viruses; Disinfection has a high effectiveness in killing viruses when used with iodine, chlorine, or chlorine dioxide.
Things to Remember Please remember that: Boiling can be used as a pathogen reduction method that should kill all pathogens. Water should be brought to a rolling boil for 1 minute. At altitudes greater than 6, feet greater than meters , you should boil water for 3 minutes. Filtration can be used as a pathogen reduction method against most microorganisms, depending on the pore size of the filter, amount of the contaminant, particle size of the contaminant, and charge of the contaminant particle.
Only filters that contain a chemical disinfectant matrix will be effective against some viruses. Disinfection can be used as a pathogen reduction method against microorganisms. However, contact time, disinfectant concentration, water temperature, water turbidity cloudiness , water pH, and many other factors can impact the effectiveness of chemical disinfection.
The length of time and concentration of disinfectant varies by manufacturer and effectiveness of pathogen reduction depends on the product. If boiling water is not possible, a combination of filtration and chemical disinfection is the most effective pathogen reduction method in drinking water for backcountry or travel use.
An EER must be completed and submitted to you within 30 days after a new system begins operation or an alteration is completed on an existing system. You must submit written notice to the ministry within seven days of the day the EER is required using a Declaration of Professional Engineer and Notice of Completion. You must also give notice of any changes since the previous EER. Do not submit the actual EER to the ministry, just the notice.
The notice can be submitted via email to waterforms ontario. Keep the EER on file and make sure it is available upon request. You must also submit the written notice to the interested authority for the designated facility. The interested authority is usually the Ontario government ministry to which the designated facility is responsible, e. If you require assistance with EER requirements, please call during normal business hours. Day-to-day operation of your system must be carried out by a person who holds appropriate certifications.
See the table below to find the minimum requirements a person must fulfill in order to operate your system:. In addition, a supervised person can test for chlorine residual and turbidity for the systems listed in Table 2.
Learn more about drinking water operations: training and certification. Licensed laboratories must provide you with sample containers and instructions on how to collect, transport, and store samples taken from your drinking water system.
Ensure you follow the lab instructions carefully. Pay close attention to instructions on what temperature to keep your samples.
For example, some samples may need to be kept in a cooler with ice packs when transporting them, but cannot be frozen. Proper day-to-day operation of your drinking water system is vital to protecting the health of the people who use it. The owner is responsible for confirming required operational checks are completed by a trained person or a certified operator , as applicable. Required maintenance and operational checks are determined by the type of drinking water treatment installed in your system and are typically specified in:.
It is a legal requirement to complete the required maintenance and operational checks found in both O. Table 3 provides a summary of the operational tests you must carry out on your system to comply with the regulations. Adverse test results may indicate the drinking water your system supplies is unsafe.
Results that exceed any of the Ontario Drinking Water Quality Standards as well as other problems identified through testing could give rise to an adverse test result.
You must speak to someone in person or on the phone. Leaving a voicemail does not fulfill your requirement to make an immediate report. Use this Drinking Water Contact List template to help. Within 24 hours of giving the verbal notice, use the Notice of Adverse Test Results and Other Problems form to provide written notice to all of the following:. Immediately increase the chlorine dose and flush the distribution system and plumbing to ensure that:. If resample confirms total coliforms , immediately increase the chlorine dose and flush the distribution system and plumbing to ensure that:.
Immediately flush the distribution system and any plumbing, and restore secondary disinfection to ensure:. Immediately check the turbidity monitoring equipment and correct any problems identified. If no problems are identified:. Consult with the local medical officer of health and take any steps directed by them, if the resample confirms:. You must immediately collect and transport a set of at least three drinking water samples for the parameter which caused the adverse test result to your licensed laboratory for analysis.
You must post warning notices approved by the Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks if you:. Call the Registration Help Desk at or your local ministry district office.
Until your warning notices have arrived, you can post any sign that states: "Public Notice: Do not drink this water" as an interim measure. If you do not own or operate the designated facility, you do not have to post notices in the designated facility as above, but you must ensure that the operator of the facility is provided with:. Warning notices do not provide an exemption from testing or corrective action!
Warning notices are a temporary requirement meant to protect users of the system in the short term. The owner must still comply with testing and corrective action requirements as soon as possible, despite posting the warning notices.
Keeping good records and reports is a vital step in demonstrating you are meeting Ontario regulations. Too often, drinking water system owners are in found in violation of the law for poor record-keeping practices. Table 5 provides a short summary of the key records and reports you must keep, for how long and where.
For a complete list, review Section 12 and 13, O. You must make a copy of these documents available free of charge to the public upon request at the facility during normal business hours:. A water inspector will inspect your system to ensure you are meeting your regulatory requirements to help protect the people who are drinking from your system.
In order to be ready for an inspection, keep your records, policies and procedures organized and available. This will keep the inspection time to a minimum. Nor is it a substitute for reading the legislation or regulations, which are subject to change. To be clear about your specific obligations, refer to the current version of the Safe Drinking Water Act, and relevant regulations, including the Drinking Water Systems Regulation O.
If you are unable to access these online call our Registration Help Desk at If you have legal questions about the regulations or legislation, you should consult a lawyer. If you would like more information related to drinking water, please visit Ontario.
You can also sign up for drinking water updates by sending an email to drinking. Filtration of raw water removes particles that may hide or protect pathogens such as viruses, bacteria and protozoa, and helps ensure effective primary disinfection can be carried out. Secondary disinfection introduces and maintains a disinfectant residual generally a chlorine residual in your lines to protect drinking water from microbiological recontamination or bacterial regrowth.
Once the samples are submitted to the licensed laboratory, lab staff will record details of the samples e. Figure 2 shows the location of where you would take raw, treated and distribution samples.
Figure 2: Example of sampling locations. You must send raw and distribution system water to be tested for microbiological sampling. Table 7 shows how frequently these samples must be taken. If your drinking water system is using chlorine, then you must also sample and test for chlorine residual using the appropriate analyzer to monitor disinfection at the same time and location your microbiological distribution samples are taken.
You need to be an operator, trained person or supervised person to take a chlorine residual. You must record the chlorine residual value clearly on the Chain of Custody form provided by your licensed laboratory. In the event there is a microbiological adverse test result, you and the laboratory are required to tell the ministry and the local medical officer of health what chlorine level was recorded on the form. New systems must start sampling within 12 months after beginning to operate, although nitrate and nitrite need to be done by the third month of operation.
Table 8 sets out the chemical sampling requirements. Note: You are not required to perform any sampling or testing for nitrate and nitrite during a period of 60 or more consecutive days when the system:. To have a better experience, you need to: Go to your browser's settings Enable JavaScript.
Home Environment and energy Drinking water. A guide for operators and owners of drinking water systems that serve designated facilities Understand your responsibilities to provide safe drinking water at certain facilities that serve children, students, the elderly and patients. On this page Skip this page navigation.
A: Introduction This guide outlines the responsibilities for operators and owners of drinking water systems serving designated facilities. B: Does this guide apply to my drinking water system? Answer these two questions: Does your drinking water system serve a designated facility? These facilities include: child care centres children and youth care facilities e.
Is your system excluded? This guide does not apply if your drinking water system is: a municipal residential drinking water system a non-municipal residential drinking water system that is connected to and obtains all of its water from a municipal residential drinking water system or another system that meets the testing and treatment requirements of O.
Testing for E. Heterotrophic plate count HPC must also be tested if the distribution system is required to have secondary disinfection chlorine residual. Systems receiving transported water For systems that receive transported water, I ensure the storage container that receives the water, e. Water treatment I ensure that treatment equipment is installed and operated in accordance with the regulation. Operational checks I ensure a trained person or certified operator carries out routine maintenance and operational checks and monitors for chlorine residual and turbidity if required for my system.
Day-to-day operation I ensure that the people working on my system or collecting samples have the required certifications. Engineering evaluation reports I confirm that a licensed engineering practitioner has prepared a report on treatment equipment that includes a: maintenance schedule and statement confirming all equipment is being installed in accordance with the regulation.
If alterations are made to the system, I ensure a new engineering evaluation report is prepared. Record-keeping For every required sample and operational test I keep a record of the: date time location name of the person conducting the test result of the test Annual reports I prepare an annual report every year.
Retaining reports and records I make the documents below available free-of-charge during normal business hours at a location accessible to the public: test results any approvals and orders for my system annual reports Engineering Evaluation Report a copy of O.
Adverse test results and other problems I report immediately adverse test results e. D: Getting started Determine your drinking water source It is important to know the source of your water so you can apply the correct requirements. Sources of drinking water are: Ground water — from secure wells Ground water under direct influence of surface water or GUDI — refers to a well which may be subject to surface water contamination Surface water — such as lakes, rivers and streams Transported water — treated water brought in from other regulated systems and stored on site, e.
Figure 1: Drinking water sources Register your drinking water system Register your drinking water system with the ministry within 30 days of beginning operations.
Email it to waterforms ontario. You will be sent a letter with your drinking water system number DWS and category. Use this DWS when filling out ministry and laboratory forms.
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